Classical+Rome

> || Peloponnesian Wars || > || Hellenistic period || > || Punic Wars || > || Augustus Caesar || > || Direct democracy || > || Socrates || >
 * 1) ESPIRIT- Rome [[file:espirit for rome.doc]]
 * || Pericles ||
 * A famous Greek politician and aristocrat who dominated Athenian politics during the 5th century B.C.E.
 * ruled by “wise influence and negotiation”
 * Athens and Sparta over control of Greece after both of their political declines.
 * kings from Macedonia conquered
 * Philip II won the battle in 338 B.C.E.
 * Alexander the Great extended their empire through the Middle East
 * period of time in which Greek art and culture merged as well as other Middle Eastern forms.
 * new cultural developments
 * Romans wanted to protect themselves from rivals....very strong army
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The three Punic Wars lasted from 264 B.C.E. to 146 B.C.E. during which Rome fought the Phoenician city of Carthage armies on Africa’s northern coast.
 * Rome seized the entire western Mediterranean along with Greece and Egypt
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The nephew of Julius Caesar
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">took power in 27 B.C.E.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">established basic structures of the Roman Empire
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">5th century
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Greece...major decisions of state were made by general assemblies
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">met every 10 days and executive officers were chosen to control their power.all citizens must attend
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Athenian philosopher
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">encouraged his people to learn by questioning
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">He ran afoul of the government which thought he disrespected political loyalty and was given the choice of suicide or exile

3. Comparative Summary:

Greece's civilization arose between 800 and 600 B.C.E. with very strong city-states instead of a centralized government. Each city-state had its own government. Sparta and Athens were the most powerful city-states and they cooperated from 500 and 449 B.C.E. to defeat the Persian invasion. They were against each other however during the Olympic Games. The city-states joined to create a larger region under the same government. Both Greece and Rome allowed religious freedom and they never had a specific main religion like China and India did. While in Rome women could own property after divorce, Greek women could not. Both Greek and Roman women however were expected to obey the rules of men and were both patriarchal societies. Athens and Sparta fought against each other in the Peloponnesian Wars to take control of Greece but Philip II of Macedon ended up winning in 338 B.C.E. Greek art and culture merged under the Hellenistic period. Greece and Rome hinted at some democratic elements in their societies, but were both ruled by aristocrats. Their military drive led them to spread their territory more widely as a result of the Punic Wars from 264 to 146 B.C.E. Over time, Roman republic grew unstable. Augustus Caesar seized the power of his grand uncle Julius Caesar, in 27 B.C.E. and established basic structures of the Roman empire. The Roman empire took 250 years to completely fall. Overall, Rome and Greece had more similarities than they had differences.